Abstract

This paper reports on experimental tests of second life Lithium-ion batteries repurposed from electric vehicles (EVs) for frequency regulation service in the grid. The tests were performed at the National Electric Transportation Testing Laboratory in Colorado, USA. They demonstrate that second life batteries can provide rapid response to grid disturbances and meet the long-term cycling requirements of grid service. The results suggest that second life batteries have the potential to provide significant benefit to the grid.

Introduction

As the penetration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar PV increases, the stability of the grid is becoming increasingly reliant on energy storage. Lithium-ion batteries are well-suited to this purpose due to their high energy density, fast response time, and long life. However, the high cost of new batteries has been a barrier to their widespread adoption for grid storage. Second life batteries offer a more cost-effective option, as they are repurposed from electric vehicles (EVs) after their useful life in transportation.

Methods

Second life batteries were tested for their ability to provide grid services at the National Electric Transportation Testing Laboratory. The testing included both short-term response to grid disturbances and long-term cycling. The results were compared to those of new batteries.

Results

The results showed that second life batteries are able to provide rapid response to grid disturbances and meet the long-term cycling requirements of grid service. The results suggest that second life batteries have the potential to provide significant benefit to the grid.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrate that second life batteries can provide grid services comparable to those of new batteries, at a lower cost. This suggests that second life batteries have the potential to play a significant role in grid stabilization.